Delightsome Agbabo

Monday 1 st April, 2019 Word of Life Daily Devotional More Than I say Memory verse: - Philemon 1:21 Having confidence in thy obedience I wrote unto thee, knowing that thou wilt also do more than I say. Bible Reading: - Philemon 1: 1 – 25 Message Those that are bought by the precious blood of Jesus are usually obedient and teachable children of God because they have the blood of their master flowing in their veins. As he [Jesus] was obedient to the father, so are his seeds are in continual obedience to his will and that of the father through the lading of the Holy Spirit. In our text today, a run – away Onesimus come into contact with Paul the apostle [a good ambassador of our Lord Jesus Christ] and by reason of holding forth the word of life, he gave his life to Christ. Having narrated his life to Paul the aged in the faith, he wanted to help him make his restitution as quickly as possible; so he sent him back to Philemon [a brother in Christ] who he knew very well an

Faith Food – March 31 By Rhema Team, Mar 31, 2019 Raised Together And what is the exceeding greatness of his power . . . Which he wrought in Christ, WHEN HE RAISED HIM from the dead, and set him at his own right hand in the heavenly places. . . . AND YOU hath he quickened, who were dead in trespasses and sins.  — EPHESIANS 1:19,20; 2:1 If you were to open your Bibles to Ephesians 2:1, a  King James Version  would look something like this: CHAPTER 2 AND you  hath he quickened , who were dead in trespasses and sins. When a word is italicized in the  King James Version , that means the word is not in the original manuscripts; the translators have added it. So the original reads, “And you who were dead in trespasses and sins.” I wanted you to see that the verb which controls Ephesians 2:1 is back in Ephesians 1:20! (Paul didn’t write in chapter and verse; men divided Paul’s writings later for easy reference.) Our text today makes it clearer for you. Notice the capitalized words: “

Health Food – March 31 By Rhema Team, Mar 31, 2019 Possess The Land! Now all these things happened unto them for ensamples  [examples] : and they are written for our admonition, upon whom the ends of the world are come.  — 1 CORINTHIANS 10:11 The Bible teaches us that what happened to those in the Old Testament happened as examples for us. For example, God delivered Israel out of Egypt, which symbolizes the world, and led them into Canaan’s land. What does Canaan’s land symbolize? In the early years, I was taught that Canaan’s land was a type or foreshadowing of Heaven. But how could Canaan’s land ever symbolize Heaven since there aren’t going to be any battles or enemies in Heaven? There are no giants there who are against us, no cities to take, and no battles to fight in Heaven! I believe that Canaan’s land is a type of the baptism in the Holy Ghost and of our rights and privileges in Christ Jesus, including divine healing. God said to Israel, “I give you the land” (Joshua 1

The Hope of Resurrection Billy Graham's Daily Devotion Mar 31, 2019 He which raised up the Lord Jesus shall raise up us also by Jesus . . .  –2 Corinthians 4:14 The resurrection of Christ brings hope. The late Emil Brunner once said, "What oxygen is for the lungs, such is hope for the meaning of human life." As the human organism is dependent on a supply of oxygen, so humanity is dependent on its supply of hope. Yet today hopelessness and despair are everywhere. Peter, who himself was given to despair during the episode of Calvary, writes in a triumphant note, "Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who according to His abundant mercy hath begotten us again into a lively hope by the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead." There is hope that mistakes and sins can be forgiven. There is hope that we can have joy, peace, assurance, and security in the midst of the despair of this age. There is hope that Christ is coming soon—thi

OPEN HEAVENS DAILY DEVOTIONAL DATE:  SUNDAY 31ST MARCH 2019 THEME:  WHEN YOU ARE AT CROSSROADS.  MEMORISE: Thus saith the LORD, Stand ye in the ways, and see, and ask for the old paths, where is the good way, and walk therein, and ye shall find rest for your souls. But they said, We will not walk therein. Jeremiah 6:16 READ: Isaiah 30:18-21 18 And therefore will the LORD wait, that he may be gracious unto you, and therefore will he be exalted, that he may have mercy upon you: for the LORD is a God of judgment: blessed are all they that wait for him. 19 For the people shall dwell in Zion at Jerusalem: thou shalt weep no more: he will be very gracious unto thee at the voice of thy cry; when he shall hear it, he will answer thee. 20 And though the Lord give you the bread of adversity, and the water of affliction, yet shall not thy teachers be removed into a corner any more, but thine eyes shall see thy teachers: 21 And thine ears shall hear a word behind thee, saying, Thi

DAILY     MANNA SUNDAY 31ST MARCH, 2019 ALWAYS  METICULOUS lkTEXT: EXODUS 26:16-30? KEY VERSE: "And thou shalt rear up the tabernacle according to the fashion thereof which was shewed thee in the mount" (EXODUS 26:30).     In many societies nowadays, collapse of buildings and other architectural structures is on the rise. Experts have blamed the ugly trend on the refusal or inability of some construction engineers to heed to the recommended specifications.    Sadly, a good number of people have died prematurely as a result of such accidents resulting from collapse of buildings. While death tolls continue to mount, some building contractors and other employers have remained unperturbed. Unlike man, God is orderly. He takes into account every minute thing; hence, the specifications for the tabernacle.    The Almighty did not just abandon the job of decision making on the choice of building materials to the builders. He saw the need to give a prior directive. This was to

Sunday 31 st March, 2019 Word of Life Daily Devotional The Wicked and the Righteous Memory verse: - Ps 1:6 For the Lord knoweth the way of the righteous: but the way of the ungodly [wicked] shall perish. Bible Reading: - Psalm 1: 1 – 6 Message In the book of Psalm 1, the righteous and the wicked are clearly compared with their benefits and it lies in you to choose which one to be like Moses told the children of Israel in the book of Deuteronomy that: Dt 11:26 Behold, I set before you this day a blessing and a curse; 27 A blessing, if ye obey the commandments of the Lord your God, which I command you this day: 28 And a curse, if ye will not obey the commandments of the Lord your God, but turn aside out of the way which I command you this day, to go after other gods, which ye have not known. The righteous are the people in Christ who by obedience to the gospel are made the righteousness of God through Christ Jesus. Their attitude to God’s word is right and they believ

Health Food – March 30 By Rhema Team, Mar 30, 2019 The Never-Failing Remedy Of God’s Word . . . he shall have whatsoever he saith.  — MARK 11:23 The next morning, Dr. Yeomans and her sister fed their patients breakfast. Then Dr. Yeomans asked this particular woman if she had been saying what she told her to say. She said, “Oh, it seemed like I didn’t sleep but ten minutes last night. I must have said it ten thousand times, but it doesn’t mean a thing in the world to me. I don’t understand it.” Dr. Yeomans said, “That’s all right, honey. You just keep saying it over and over again, every waking moment.” If people would work at receiving divine healing like they ought to, it would work for them. But so many times, they only do it half-heartedly and then go on thinking about something else. In that case, it won’t work for them. They have to get down to business. Well, on the third day, Dr. Yeomans went to this woman’s room again and read scriptures on the subject of healing to he

Faith Food – March 30 By Rhema Team, Mar 30, 2019 To Usward Many, O Lord my God, are thy wonderful works which thou hast done, and thy thoughts which are to us-ward  . . . . — PSALM 40:5 Did you notice this phrase in Ephesians 1:19, “. . .  the exceeding greatness of his power to usward who believe  . . .”? All the demonstration of the glory of God shown in the manifestation of His omnipotence pointed to man — “to usward.” The Cross of Christ — with what is revealed of obedience to God, atonement for sin, and crushing defeat for the enemies of divine authority — shows us a representative Man. Christ was our Representative, our Substitute — overcoming for mankind and preparing a throne and a heavenly ministry for those who should overcome through Him. Therefore, the source of our authority is found in the resurrection and seating of Christ by God. In the Book of Ephesians, we learn that God wants the Church to gain revelation knowledge of all that this means to us. Confession

Endless Forgiveness Billy Graham's Daily Devotion Mar 30, 2019 For God hath not appointed us to wrath, but to obtain salvation by our Lord Jesus Christ, who died for us . . .  –1 Thessalonians 5:9,10 Look at Christ's death. In one biography of the great American, Daniel Webster, 863 pages deal with his career and just five pages are devoted to his death. In Hay's life of Abraham Lincoln there are 5,000 pages but only 25 are devoted to the dramatic story of his assassination and death. In most biographies the deaths of the subjects are mere incidents at the close of the books. But when we come to the four "biographies" of Jesus, the four Gospels, we are confronted with a strange fact. One-third of Matthew is given to a description of the death of Christ. One-third of Mark, one-fourth of Luke, and one-half of John are given to His death. All these pages are devoted to the last 24 hours of His life. The death of Jesus Christ is a significant fact in h

OPEN HEAVENS DAILY DEVOTIONAL DATE: SATURDAY 30TH MARCH 2019 THEME:  REMEMBER ME OH LORD.   MEMORISE: And God remembered Noah, and every living thing, and all the cattle that was with him in the ark: and God made a wind to pass over the earth, and the waters assuaged; Genesis 8:1 READ: Exodus 2:23-25 23 And it came to pass in process of time, that the king of Egypt died: and the children of Israel sighed by reason of the bondage, and they cried, and their cry came up unto God by reason of the bondage. 24 And God heard their groaning, and God remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob. 25 And God looked upon the children of Israel, and God had respect unto them. MESSAGE When the Bible says that God remembered an individual, a group of people or Covenant, it does not mean that He is forgetful. How can one who created memory forget something? It is impossible for God to forget anything. The phrase “God remembered” simply means that God decided to sh

DAILY    MANNA SATURDAY 30TH MARCH, 2019      NOSE  FOR  DETAILS TEXT: EXODUS 26:1-15 KEY VERSE: "Moreover thou shalt make the tabernacle with ten curtains of fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet: with cherubims of cunning work shalt thou make them" (EXODUS 26:1).       Sir William Osler was an eminent professor of medicine at Oxford University. In demonstrating his lesson on the necessity of observing details to his eager students, he dipped a finger in a bottle containing urine and then into his mouth. He passed the bottle round and bade the students to do exactly what he did. After each of the students in turn had dipped a finger in the bottle and bravely sampled the fluid, the professor announced their failure in observation. They did not observe that he put his index finger into the bottle but his middle finger into his mouth.    God is a God of details. This is clear in our text where He gave Moses instructions regarding the making of the tabernac

Saturday 30 th March, 2019 Word of Life Daily Devotional Be Careful to Maintain Good Works Memory verse: - Titus 3:8 This is a faithful saying, and these things I will that thou affirm constantly, that they which have believed in God might be careful to maintain good works. These things are good and profitable unto men. Bible Reading: - Titus 3: 1 – 15 Message Good works are the physical manifestation of spiritual regeneration, renewal and recreation; they are the fruit of the spirit springing out of a regenerated heart. Jesus the new master of a converted believer who reigns within him went about doing good when he was here on earth and delivering all, not a few, but all that were oppressed of the devil. These good works are vividly seen in the life of believers that abide in Christ and Christ in them for the scripture says Christ gave himself that he might redeem them and purified unto himself a peculiar people zealous of good works. If good work of seeking the los

Faith Food – March 28 By Rhema Team, Mar 28, 2019 Source Behold, I have given you authority to tread upon serpents and scorpions, and over all the power of the enemy; and nothing shall in any wise hurt you.  — LUKE 10:19 ( ASV ) Authority is delegated power. Its value depends on the force behind the user. Jesus said, “I have given you authority.” Who gave it? Jesus did. Who is Jesus?  Jesus is God manifested in the flesh!  That means that God said it. Therefore, God said “I have given you authority to tread upon serpents and scorpions, and over all the power of the enemy.” (Serpents and scorpions represent demons and evil spirits and the power of the enemy.) God Himself is the Power, the Force, behind this authority. The believer who is fully conscious of divine authority can therefore face the enemy without fear or hesitation. Behind the authority possessed by the believer is a Power far greater than the power that backs our enemies. And those enemies are compelled to reco

Health Food – March 28 By Rhema Team, Mar 28, 2019 God Sent His Word To Heal You He sent his word, and healed them, and delivered them from their destructions.  — PSALM 107:20 Dr. Yeomans and her sister were both doctors and had a beautiful home in southern California—actually a two-story mansion—which they turned into a “faith home.” They would take patients into their home to get them healed by divine power, not by medicine. They could only handle four patients at a time because Dr. Yeomans traveled and taught most of the time. Her sister, Amy Yeomans, was the one who took care of the patients. What did they do to get people healed? They simply taught them from the Word of God. It wasn’t the Holy Ghost initiating anything, such as a gift of the Spirit (1 Cor. 12:9–11). The people were healed by initiating their own healing on the basis of their faith in the Word of God. In Dr. Yeomans’ day, tuberculosis was the number-two killer in America. As soon as a patient was healed, t

Cleansed by the 7u7u Billy Graham's Daily Devotion Mar 29, 2019 . . . unto him that loved us, and washed us from our sins in his own blood. –Revelation 1:5 Blood is mentioned 460 times in the Bible. Fourteen times in the New Testament Jesus spoke of His own blood. Why? Because by the shedding of His blood, He accomplished the possibility of our salvation. He paid the penalty for our sin and redeemed us. The penalty for our sin and rebellion is death; Jesus stepped out and said, "I'll take that death." He voluntarily laid down His life and took the penalty we deserve. That's what the cross is all about. The blood of Jesus Christ not only redeems us, it justifies us. Being justified means more than being forgiven. I can say, "I forgive you," but I can't justify you. But God not only forgives the past, He clothes you in righteousness as though you had never committed a sin. Yet it cost the blood of His Son on the cross. Why does God requir

OPEN HEAVENS DAILY DEVOTIONAL DATE: FRIDAY 29TH MARCH 2019 THEME:  PLEASANT SURPRISES .  MEMORISE: And as they thus spake, Jesus himself stood in the midst of them, and saith unto them, Peace be unto you. Luke 24:36 READ: Luke 24:13-36 13 And, behold, two of them went that same day to a village called Emmaus, which was from Jerusalem about threescore furlongs. 14 And they talked together of all these things which had happened. 15 And it came to pass, that, while they communed together and reasoned, Jesus himself drew near, and went with them. 16 But their eyes were holden that they should not know him. 17 And he said unto them, What manner of communications are these that ye have one to another, as ye walk, and are sad? 18 And the one of them, whose name was Cleopas, answering said unto him, Art thou only a stranger in Jerusalem, and hast not known the things which are come to pass there in these days? 19 And he said unto them, What things? And they said unto him, C

DAILY    MANNA FRIDAY 29TH MARCH, 2019 IN  HIS  STEPS TEXT : EXODUS 25:31-40? KEY VERSE: "And look that thou make them after their pattern, which was shewed thee in the mount"  (EXODUS 25:40).      Presumption is a most underestimated vice. It creeps in unnoticed and spreads very fast. It brings on a person a false sense of importance and accomplishment.    God did not want Moses to make the mistake most people make. He admonished him to ensure that the construction of the lamp stand followed His explicit instruction and glaring example. Moses was to build the candlestick to specification. For a start, it must be of pure gold. It must have six branches, divided in three on each side of the candlestick. Each branch should have three almond shaped bowls, each decorated with a knob and a flower. The candlestick itself should have four almond shaped bowls, also decorated with knobs and flowers. On the whole, three knobs were to be built, each under two branches of the cand

Friday 29 th March, 2019 Word of Life Daily Devotional He Accomplished All Memory verse: - John 19:28 After this, Jesus knowing that all things were now accomplished, that the scripture might be fulfilled, saith, I thirst. Bible Reading: - John 19: 1 – 42 Message Jesus Christ our saviour came to this world to fulfill the will of God our heavenly father and not his own will. He was obedient to God throughout his stays here on earth with regular and diligent communion with the father that sent him. He valued his communication linkage with the heaven where he came from so much that he retreats into night prayers to God most of the time after his day ministrations to the lost sheep of God he was sent to. He was jealously hated by the high priests, Pharisees, Sadducees and Scribes [of his days who had made merchandise of God’s people and were nothing but hirelings] because of his truthfulness, plainness and forthrightness; and also because of the anointing he carried; yet

Health Food – March 27 By Rhema Team, Mar 27, 2019 Divine Healing That your faith should not stand in the wisdom of men, but in the power of God.  — 1 CORINTHIANS 2:5 Dr. Lilian B. Yeomans was a medical doctor who was born and raised in Canada and then moved to the United States. Her mother and father were doctors, and her grandfather had been a medical doctor too. In her mid-forties, Dr. Yeomans practiced medicine in a large New York hospital. She began to take stimulants and narcotics to energize her and, eventually, became a dope addict. Other complications set in, and medical science of the day gave her up to die. An older gentleman told her about divine healing. She knew something about medical healing, but she had never heard about divine healing. This older gentleman asked her if she wanted him to pray with her. She said, “I’d better pray myself first, because I’ve gotten away from God. I knew God when I was a little girl, but I haven’t known Him for years.” She spent p

Faith Food – March 27 By Rhema Team, Mar 27, 2019 Whom Resist Be sober, be vigilant; because your adversary the devil, as a roaring lion, walketh about, seeking whom he may devour: Whom resist stedfast in the faith  . . . . — 1 PETER 5:8,9 In 1942, I had a battle with symptoms in my body. I prayed, appropriated the promises of God, and stood my ground. But at times it looked like I wasn’t going to make it. One such night I had a dream. I dreamed another man and I were on some kind of a parade ground. It was like a football field. There were stands on either side. As we walked along talking, suddenly the man looked back and yelled, “Look!” and he started running. I turned and saw that two ferocious lions were almost upon me. I ran about two steps. Then I hollered to the other man, “You’ll never make it! You can’t outrun them!” I stopped still, turned around, and faced them. I was trembling. My flesh was covered with goose pimples. But I said, “I stand against you. I refuse to

The Light of the World Billy Graham's Daily Devotion Mar 28, 2019 The Lord is my light and my salvation . . .  –Psalm 27:1 Under the picture of Peter Milne, hanging in the church he founded on the little New Hebrides Island of Nguna, these words are found: "When he came, there was no light. When he died, there was no darkness." When Christ came into the world, there was no light. Matthew (quoting Isaiah) said of Him, "The people which sat in darkness saw great light; and to them which sat in the region and shadow of death light is sprung up" (Matthew 4:16). Harry Lauder once said that during his boyhood, he could tell where the lamplighter was "by the trail of light he left behind him." Christ was the heavenly Lamplighter. Everywhere He went, the midnight gloom of sin and despair disappeared before Him.  Go deeper: Read about how to be a light in a dark world PRAYER FOR THE DAY My heart and soul praise You, my risen Redeemer, for th

OPEN HEAVENS DAILY DEVOTIONAL DATE:  THURSDAY 28TH MARCH 2019 THEME:  LET THE HEAVENS TESTIFY.  MEMORISE: And lo a voice from heaven, saying, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased. Matthew 3:17 READ: 1 John 3:7-10 7 Little children, let no man deceive you: he that doeth righteousness is righteous, even as he is righteous. 8 He that committeth sin is of the devil; for the devil sinneth from the beginning. For this purpose the Son of God was manifested, that he might destroy the works of the devil. 9 Whosoever is born of God doth not commit sin; for his seed remaineth in him: and he cannot sin, because he is born of God. 10 In this the children of God are manifest, and the children of the devil: whosoever doeth not righteousness is not of God, neither he that loveth not his brother. MESSAGE We live in times when most people are ruled by their senses. Therefore, for us to effectively reach the world with the gospel of Jesus Christ, the message of the gospel

DAILY    MANNA THURSDAY  28TH MARCH, 2019 HE WHO NEVER FORGETS TEXT: EXODUS 25:23-30? KEY VERSE: "And thou shalt set upon the table shewbread before me alway" (EXODUS 25:30).    Noble Luther once said, "...the little bird upon the tree, he hath fed himself tonight - he knoweth not where his breakfast is tomorrow. He sitteth there while the winds rock the tree; he shuts his eyes, puts his head under his wing, and sleeps; and, when he awakes in the morning sings Mortals cease from toil and sorrow; God provideth for the morrow." Such should be the confidence with which we must carry on as God's children who live daily in His presence.    The table of shewbread was to be set before God always by the Hebrew priests of ancient Israel, with the golden dish of frankincense continually sending forth its sweet fragrance as a memorial to remind Him of His promised mercies, care and provision for His children. The twelve large unleavened cakes of the shewbread represe

Thursday 28 th March, 2019 Word of Life Daily Devotional The Continual Burning of Lamp Memory verse: - Mt 5:16 Let your light so shine before men, that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father which is in heaven. Bible Reading: - Leviticus 24: 1 – 23 Message The chapter under review reveals how God spake unto Moses to command children of Israel to bring pure olive oil beaten for the light – to cause the light to burn continually before the Lord. The first lesson here is to give our best to the Lord as the olive oil demanded for was not to be processed through heat and pressure as those obtained through such process are the inferior type. Give the best of lifetime and talent to God and offer not unto God what will cause you nothing like David – a man after God’s own heart. 2Sa 24:24 And the king said unto Araunah, Nay; but I will surely buy it of thee at a price: neither will I offer burnt offerings unto the Lord my God of that which doth cost me nothing.

OPEN HEAVENS DAILY DEVOTIONAL DATE:  WEDNESDAY 27TH MARCH 2019 THEME:  YOU NEED THE HOLY SPIRIT.  MEMORISE: Pray without ceasing. 1 Thessalonians 5:17 READ: Matthew 26:37-41 37 And he took with him Peter and the two sons of Zebedee, and began to be sorrowful and very heavy. 38 Then saith he unto them, My soul is exceeding sorrowful, even unto death: tarry ye here, and watch with me. 39 And he went a little farther, and fell on his face, and prayed, saying, O my Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me: nevertheless not as I will, but as thou wilt. 40 And he cometh unto the disciples, and findeth them asleep, and saith unto Peter, What, could ye not watch with me one hour? 41 Watch and pray, that ye enter not into temptation: the spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak. MESSAGE Journeying through this world as a Christian in this end times without the help of the Holy Spirit is such an impossible task. Unfortunately, many Christian lack knowledge

DAILY  MANNA WEDNESDAY 27TH MARCH,2019 HIS  PERFECT  WILL TEXT:GENESIS 27:41-46; 28:1-9 KEY VERSE:"Arise, go to Padanaram, to the house of Bethuel thy mother's father; and take thee a wife from thence of the daughters of Laban thy mother's brother" (GENESIS 28:2).       God laid the foundation of the institution of marriage in the Garden of Eden. Adam, the first man was oblivious of his own need for a partner. God noticed that and created a woman as a partner for him. Our Lord Jesus validated the act by re-emphasising monogamy as the express will of God for all marriages in His earthly ministry.    The fall of man brought in its wake, degradation of morals and values. The 21st century has ushered in the depth of moral corruption. Polygamy today, is a measure of man's dexterity and masculinity. Polyandry gives the indication that "what man can do, a woman can outdo him". Same-sex marriage is an audacious affront to the "nosy" conservative

The Greatest Act of Humility Billy Graham's Daily Devotion Mar 27, 2019 . . . he that shall humble himself shall be exalted. –Matthew 23:12 In almost every instance in the Bible, as well as in life, pride is associated with failure, not success. We hear a great deal about the inferiority complex, but the superiority complex of pride is seldom spoken of. It was pride that caused the fall of Lucifer, and he became Satan, the devil. It was pride that led King Saul down to a shameful and untimely death. It was pride that caused Peter to deny his Lord. The greatest act of humility in the history of the universe was when Jesus Christ stooped to die on the cross of Calvary. And before any man can get to heaven, he must kneel at the foot of the cross and acknowledge that he is a sinner, that he has broken the Ten Commandments of God, and that he needs the grace of God in Christ. No man can come proudly to the Savior.  What's wrong with a little pride?  Read Billy Graham

Wednesday 27 th March, 2019 Word of Life Daily Devotional He Gave Himself Memory verse: - Tit 2:14 Who gave himself for us, that he might redeem us from all iniquity, and purify unto himself a peculiar people, zealous of good works. Bible Reading: - Titus 2: 1 – 15 Message The link between man and God was cut off by the sin of rebellion of Adam and Eve and even by man’s own sin today for the scripture says “Behold, the Lord’s hand is not shortened, that it cannot save; neither his ear heavy, that it cannot hear: But your iniquities have separated between you and your God, and your sins have hid his face from you, that he will not hear [Isa 59:1 – 2] In other to link us back to himself from our slavery and bondage of Satan, God gave us Jesus as the sacrificial lamb to die and destroy the works of the devil for us through the cross. Jesus Christ in obedience to God the father also willingly gave himself to die on the cross for our redemption. He has all the power to prev